[28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. $>. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. 0 Further see Ingestion. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. Lindane (Ref: OMS 17) - University of Hertfordshire The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. Refer for medical attention . The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. This article wants to briefly summarise the ILO and WHO 2021. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. 0000006190 00000 n [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. [1] Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Sore throat. A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can 0000002475 00000 n 104 22 Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. Refer immediately for medical attention. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. Lindane UN Classification Headache. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Formula: C6H6Cl6 (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. Decomposes on heating and on burning. DEA methoxycinnamate. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. Fresh air, rest. Water | Free Full-Text | The Toxic Effects of Lindane via the WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. 89 0 obj <>stream 0000050404 00000 n Reacts with bases. [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. Hexachlorocyclohexane [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. 0000047710 00000 n 0000006227 00000 n Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. [1] The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Lindane Bioremediation Capability WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE Marine pollutants Routes of exposure Not combustible. Transportation Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. Dizziness. %PDF-1.4 % Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. Tremor. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans.
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